Your guide to London's culture and transport news and events taking place across the city.

Your guide to London's culture and transport news and events taking place across the city.

All British Historical Anniversaries in July 2019

I often wonder what significant anniversaries are due at some point in the future as some of them might be of interest as triggers for blog posts or visits somewhere. However, it is often difficult to find out quickly what events have significant anniversaries - hence this section on the website.

By "significant anniversaries", I mean dates that are not, for example, the 73rd anniversary of something, but the 50th, 100th, 200th etc.

It should help to flag up interesting events.

Anniversaries during July 2019

Note: This page lists ALL anniversaries, not just the key dates.
For that more useful list, click here.

AnniversaryDetails
182nd A system of the civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales. (1st Jul 1837)
161st Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society. (1st Jul 1858)
138th General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect. (1st Jul 1881)
103rd World War I: First day on the Somme - On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded (1st Jul 1916)
56th The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent. (1st Jul 1963)
47th The first Gay Pride march in England takes place. (1st Jul 1972)
305th Parliament offers the Longitude prize to anyone who can solve the problem of accurately determining a ship's longitude. (date uncertain) (1st Jul 1714)
80th Women's Land Army re-formed to work in agriculture. (1st Jul 1939)
71st The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 and its equivalent in Scotland come into effect as the foundation of modern town and country planning in the United Kingdom, requiring planning permission for land development and establishing the system of Listed buildings. (1st Jul 1948)
71st The National Museum of Wales opens the Welsh Folk Museum at St Fagans to the public, the first open-air museum in the UK (director: Iorwerth Peate). (1st Jul 1948)
101st explosion of 8 tons of TNT at the National Shell Filling Factory, Chilwell (Nottinghamshire) kills 134; only 32 bodies can be positively identified. (1st Jul 1918)
17th London City Hall is opened on the south bank of the River Thames, designed by Norman Foster. (1st Jul 2002)
17th Rochdale Canal, crossing the Pennines, reopened throughout for leisure traffic. (1st Jul 2002)
10th The government announces that it is taking the InterCity East Coast franchise into a period of public ownership, after the incumbent operator, National Express East Coast, said it planned to default on its franchise agreement. (1st Jul 2009)
-2nd Prince William and Prince Harry unveil a statue of their mother, Princess Diana at Kensington Palace. (1st Jul 2021)
-2nd Two men are killed in a light aircraft crash near Goodwood Airfield. (1st Jul 2021)
-2nd A 23-year-old man is charged with common assault after a video emerges of England's Chief Medical Officer, Professor Chris Whitty, being accosted by a group of men in a London park. (1st Jul 2021)
-2nd 2021 Batley and Spen by-election: Labour holds the seat of Batley and Spen in West Yorkshire. The new MP is Kim Leadbeater, younger sister of the murdered MP Jo Cox, who had previously held the seat. (1st Jul 2021)
406th The first English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place. (2nd Jul 1613)
375th English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor. (2nd Jul 1644)
321st Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine. (2nd Jul 1698)
154th The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth. (2nd Jul 1865)
18th Barry George is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of the television presenter Jill Dando, who was killed in Fulham, London, on 26 April 1999. George is acquitted at a retrial in 2008. (2nd Jul 2001)
16th Chelsea F.C. are bought by Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich for a sum of £150 million from current chairman Ken Bates, twenty-one years after he bought the club for £1. (2nd Jul 2003)
14th Live 8 concerts are held. (2nd Jul 2005)
12th Demolition work began on the historic HP Sauce factory in Birmingham, which closed in May with the loss of 125 jobs and the end of more than 100 years of manufacturing when the production facility was transferred to the Netherlands. (2nd Jul 2007)
-3rd Members of the ASLEF union stage their second strike in two weeks, in a dispute over pay, affecting 90% of train services operated by Greater Anglia. (2nd Jul 2022)
81st World speed record for a steam railway locomotive is set in England, by the Mallard, which reaches a speed of 126 miles per hour (203 km/h). (3rd Jul 1938)
49th The Troubles: the "Falls Curfew" begins in Belfast, Northern Ireland. (3rd Jul 1970)
49th A British Dan-Air De Havilland Comet chartered jetliner crashes into mountains north of Barcelona, Spain killing 113 people. (3rd Jul 1970)
4th Production is suspended at the last substantial coal mine in Wales, Aberpergwm. (3rd Jul 2015)
17th Decapitation of a statue of Margaret Thatcher: a man decapitates a statue of the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on display at the Guildhall Art Gallery in London. (3rd Jul 2002)
182nd Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool. (4th Jul 1837)
157th Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels. (4th Jul 1862)
154th Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published. (4th Jul 1865)
65th Fourteen years of rationing during and following World War II comes to an end when meat officially comes off ration. (4th Jul 1954)
180th Chartists riot in Birmingham. (4th Jul 1839)
71st Northwood mid-air collision: A Scandinavian Airlines Douglas DC-6 and an Avro York of No. 99 Squadron RAF collide over Northwood, London and crash killing all 39 people aboard both aircraft. (4th Jul 1948)
126th an underground explosion at Combs Pit, Thornhill, West Yorkshire, kills 135. (4th Jul 1893)
-3rd The number of pubs in England and Wales falls below 40,000 to its lowest level on record, driven by a combination of rising costs and changing social behaviours. (4th Jul 2022)
724th Scotland and France form an alliance, the so-called "Auld Alliance", against England. (5th Jul 1295)
409th John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland. (5th Jul 1610)
332nd Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiĉ Naturalis Principia Mathematica. (5th Jul 1687)
206th War of 1812: three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin. (5th Jul 1813)
154th The Salvation Army is founded in the East End of London, England. (5th Jul 1865)
79th World War II: the United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations. (5th Jul 1940)
71st National Health Service Acts created the national public health systems in the United Kingdom (5th Jul 1948)
65th The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin. (5th Jul 1954)
44th Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles title. (5th Jul 1975)
154th First speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act — 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country. (5th Jul 1865)
7th The Shard, the tallest building in Europe and the tallest habitable free-standing structure in the UK at 309.6 metres (1,016ft), is officially opened. (5th Jul 2012)
17th The Imperial War Museum North in Manchester, designed by Daniel Libeskind, opens. (5th Jul 2002)
10th The Staffordshire Hoard, the largest haul of Anglo-Saxon treasure ever found, is uncovered. The 1,500 gold and silver pieces are discovered buried beneath a field in Staffordshire by metal detecting enthusiast Terry Herbert. This is made public on 24 September. (5th Jul 2009)
-3rd Sajid Javid resigns as health secretary, saying he "can no longer, in good conscience, continue serving in this government." Rishi Sunak, the chancellor, also resigns, saying the public expect government to be conducted "properly, competently and seriously." (5th Jul 2022)
-3rd In the latest of a series of climate protests at art museums around the world, Just Stop Oil protestors glue themselves to paintings within the Royal Academy of Arts, including its depiction of The Last Supper. (5th Jul 2022)
-2nd The House of Commons passes the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Bill by 365 votes to 265. (5th Jul 2021)
830th Richard I "the Lionheart" is crowned King of England. (6th Jul 1189)
536th Richard III is crowned King of England. (6th Jul 1483)
484th Sir Thomas More is executed for treason against King Henry VIII of England. (6th Jul 1535)
462nd King Philip II of Spain, consort of Queen Mary I of England, sets out from Dover to war with France, which eventually results in the loss of the City of Calais, the last English possession on the continent, and Mary I never seeing her husband again. (6th Jul 1557)
459th The Treaty of Edinburgh is signed by Scotland and England. (6th Jul 1560)
134th Louis Pasteur successfully tests his vaccine against rabies. The patient is Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog. (6th Jul 1885)
127th Dadabhai Naoroji is elected as the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain. (6th Jul 1892)
100th The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by an airship. (6th Jul 1919)
83rd A major breach of the Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal in England sends millions of gallons of water cascading 200 feet (61 m) into the River Irwell. (6th Jul 1936)
41st The Taunton sleeping car fire occurs in Taunton, Somerset killing twelve people. (6th Jul 1978)
46th The James Bond film Live and Let Die is released in British cinemas. (6th Jul 1973)
3rd The Chilcot Inquiry report into the Iraq War is released, more than seven years after the inquiry was first announced, showing that the UK went to war before peaceful options were exhausted, that military action was not the "last resort", ill-prepared troops were sent into battle with inadequate plans for the aftermath, and that the threat from Saddam Hussein was overstated; ultimately rejecting former Prime Minister Tony Blair's case for the 2003 invasion. (6th Jul 2016)
130th Several aristocrats are implicated in the Cleveland Street scandal after police raid a male brothel in London. (6th Jul 1889)
15th The Queen unveils a memorial fountain to Diana, Princess of Wales. (6th Jul 2004)
-3rd Boris Johnson dismisses Secretary of State for Levelling Up Michael Gove, due to Gove's calls for him to resign. (6th Jul 2022)
-3rd The pound slides to a two-year low against the dollar. (6th Jul 2022)
-3rd The income threshold for paying National Insurance is raised from £9,880 to £12,570, meaning that two million workers will no longer pay it. (6th Jul 2022)
-3rd UEFA Women's Euro 2022 commences. The competition is hosted in England, and England win their first match against Austria (6th Jul 2022)
444th Raid of the Redeswire, the last major battle between England and Scotland. (7th Jul 1575)
108th The United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues. (7th Jul 1911)
106th The Irish Home Rule Bill is once again carried in the House of Commons, despite attempts by Bonar Law to obstruct it. (7th Jul 1913)
256th The British East India Company declare Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, to be deposed. (7th Jul 1763)
5th Home Secretary Theresa May announces a major review and inquiry into allegations of historical child abuse across all areas of UK society. The announcement was prompted by reports that the Home Office failed to act on allegations that a paedophile ring operated at Westminster during the 1980s. (7th Jul 2014)
8th Following recent allegations that its journalists had hacked into the mobile phones of celebrities, politicians and high-profile crime victims over the last decade, it was announced that the News of the World would cease publication after its final edition on Sunday 10 July, having been in circulation for 168 years. (7th Jul 2011)
41st the Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom. (7th Jul 1978)
0th The Trump administration is labelled "inept", "insecure" and "incompetent" in leaked emails from the British Ambassador to the United States, Sir Kim Darroch. (7th Jul 2019)
14th A series of co-ordinated terrorist bombings strike London's public transport system during the morning rush hour. Three bombs exploded within fifty seconds of each other on three London Underground trains. A fourth bomb exploded on a bus an hour later in Tavistock Square. 52 civilians are killed and over 700 people were injured. (7th Jul 2005)
-3rd Boris Johnson announces his pending resignation as Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader as a result of the resignations from his ministry, prompting a leadership election which will finish in September. (7th Jul 2022)
356th Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal Charter to Rhode Island. (8th Jul 1663)
197th Chippewas turn over a huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom. (8th Jul 1822)
3rd Women are permitted to serve in close combat roles in the British armed services. (8th Jul 2016)
54th Great Train Robber Ronald Biggs escapes from Wandsworth Prison. (8th Jul 1965)
8th Rushden & Diamonds F.C. went out of business after 19 years in existence, having recently been expelled from the Blue Square Premier League because of their huge debts. The Northamptonshire club had been members of the Football League from 2001 until 2006. (8th Jul 2011)
17th John Taylor, a 46-year-old postman from Bramley in Leeds, is sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of 16-year-old Leanne Tiernan. Leanne was last seen alive in Leeds City Centre on 26 November 2000 and her body was found in the Yorkshire countryside nine months later. Police believed that Taylor may have been responsible for other unsolved sex attacks and murders in the Yorkshire area, and the trial judge has warned Taylor to expect to spend the rest of his life in prison. (8th Jul 2002)
-3rd Labour leader Keir Starmer and deputy Angela Rayner are cleared of breaking lockdown rules over a Durham "beergate" meeting. (8th Jul 2022)
-3rd Sir Mark Rowley is appointed as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police, succeeding Dame Cressida Dick. (8th Jul 2022)
-3rd A heat health alert is issued for parts of the UK with temperatures expected to exceed 30C in the coming days. (8th Jul 2022)
479th King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves. (9th Jul 1540)
119th Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives royal assent to an Act creating the Commonwealth of Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government. (9th Jul 1900)
76th World War II: Operation Husky - Allied forces perform an amphibious invasion of Sicily. (9th Jul 1943)
47th The Troubles: In Belfast, British Army snipers shoot five civilians dead in the Springhill Massacre. (9th Jul 1972)
2nd The Lake District becomes an officially recognised UNESCO World Heritage Site. (9th Jul 2017)
304th Imprisonment of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, in the Tower of London for his part in the negotiations over the Treaty of Utrecht. (9th Jul 1715)
9th Northumbria police are reported to have found an armed man, believed to be murder suspect Raoul Moat, in the local area and are negotiating with him to persuade him to give himself up. (9th Jul 2010)
81st gas masks are issued to the civilian population. (9th Jul 1938)
-2nd Southern Water is fined a record £90m for illegally dumping an estimated 16 to 21 billion tons of raw sewage between 2010 and 2015. (9th Jul 2021)
807th The most severe of several early fires of London burns most of the city to the ground. (10th Jul 1212)
559th Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats the king's Lancastrian forces and takes King Henry VI prisoner in the Battle of Northampton. (10th Jul 1460)
466th Lady Jane Grey takes the throne of England. (10th Jul 1553)
374th English Civil War: The Battle of Langport takes place. (10th Jul 1645)
241st American Revolution: Louis XVI of France declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain. (10th Jul 1778)
213th The Vellore Mutiny is the first instance of a mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company. (10th Jul 1806)
98th Belfast's Bloody Sunday: 16 people are killed and 161 houses destroyed during rioting and gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland. (10th Jul 1921)
79th Battle of Britain - The German Luftwaffe begins attacking British convoys in the English Channel thus starting the battle (this start date is contested, though). (10th Jul 1940)
55th More than 300 people are injured in Liverpool when a crowd of some 150,000 people welcome The Beatles back to their home city. (10th Jul 1964)
204th Apothecaries Act prohibits unlicensed medical practitioners. (10th Jul 1815)
7th The Trades Union Congress confirms the appointment of its first female General Secretary. Frances O'Grady will take up the role at the end of the year. (10th Jul 2012)
61st first parking meters installed in the UK. (10th Jul 1958)
243rd Captain James Cook begins his third voyage. (11th Jul 1776)
171st Waterloo railway station in London opens. (11th Jul 1848)
137th The British Mediterranean fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War. (11th Jul 1882)
57th First transatlantic satellite television transmission. (11th Jul 1962)
2nd The government announces more than £100 million of investment in the UK's space sector. (11th Jul 2017)
3rd Theresa May is announced as the Conservative Party leader (and Prime Minister-designate), after Andrea Leadsom withdraws from the leadership election. (11th Jul 2016)
0th Tommy Robinson, having been found guilty of contempt of court on 5 July, is sentenced at the Old Bailey to nine months in prison. (11th Jul 2019)
14th Littlewoods sells its 119 stores across the UK to Associated British Foods in a £409 million deal which will see them converted into Primark clothing stores and will mean that the Littlewoods name will vanish from high streets and shopping centres next year after 83 years, although Littlewoods will continue trading as a catalogue and an online retailer. (11th Jul 2005)
-3rd September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election: 1922 Committee chair Sir Graham Brady unveils the timetable for the leadership election, with the election due to complete on 5 September. (11th Jul 2022)
-3rd As temperatures reach 32C in some places, the Met Office issues an extreme weather warning for Sunday 17 July, when temperatures are expected to climb even higher. (11th Jul 2022)
-3rd Members of the Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) at eight train operators vote overwhelmingly to take strike action in a dispute over pay, while members of the Transport Salaried Staffs Association (TSSA) at South Western Railway also vote to take industrial action. (11th Jul 2022)
1st US President Donald Trump arrives in the UK. The four-day visit includes talks with Theresa May, tea with the Queen and a trip to Scotland. There are mass protests in London, featuring a six-metre-tall (20-ft) 'Trump baby' blimp flown over Westminster. (12th Jul 2018)
329th Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne. (12th Jul 1690)
1092nd Æthelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that the latter will not ally with Viking kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain. (12th Jul 0927)
476th King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace. (12th Jul 1543)
87th Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record 10 wickets for 10 runs in a county match for Yorkshire (12th Jul 1932)
57th The Rolling Stones perform their first ever concert, at the Marquee Club in London. (12th Jul 1962)
2nd A gay man, John Walker, wins a landmark ruling at the Supreme Court, giving his husband the same pension rights as a wife would receive. (12th Jul 2017)
75th Release of Laurence Olivier's Henry V, the first work of Shakespeare filmed in colour. (12th Jul 1944)
126th Dundee football club, is formed. (12th Jul 1893)
0th Former Blue Peter presenter John Leslie is charged with sexually assaulting a 30-year-old woman in Westminster in December 2008. (12th Jul 2019)
17th Ribble Link waterway opened for leisure traffic. (12th Jul 2002)
14th Southampton Institute of Higher Education becomes a university; on 15 August, it adopts the name Southampton Solent University. (12th Jul 2005)
-3rd A report from a three-year inquiry into the child sexual exploitation in Telford is released. It reveals more than 1,000 girls had been abused over a 40-year period, and that agencies blamed victims for the abuse they suffered, not the perpetrators, and exploitation was not investigated because of "nervousness about race" in the belief that investigation against Asian men would inflame "racial tensions". The report makes 47 recommendations for improvement by agencies involved. West Mercia Police apologise "unequivocally" for past events, as well as Telford and Wrekin Council. Victims were often blamed for "child prostitution" and offenders were emboldened by the lack of police action. (12th Jul 2022)
-3rd September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election: Nominations for the election are confirmed, with eight candidates (12th Jul 2022)
-3rd 2022 United Kingdom railway strike: Network Rail makes a fresh pay offer worth more than 5%, but linked to workers accepting "modernising reforms". (12th Jul 2022)
-2nd Home Secretary Priti Patel announces that white supremacist hate group The Base will be the fifth extreme right-wing group to be proscribed in the UK under anti-terror laws. (12th Jul 2021)
-2nd COVID-19 in the UK: Johnson confirms that the fourth and final stage of the government's conditional lockdown easing will proceed as planned on 19 July. (12th Jul 2021)
-2nd Unforeseen floods cause travel chaos in parts of London. (12th Jul 2021)
845th William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. (13th Jul 1174)
376th English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller. (13th Jul 1643)
100th The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight. (13th Jul 1919)
57th In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics. (13th Jul 1962)
64th Ruth Ellis becomes the last woman to be hanged in the UK, at HM Prison Holloway, for shooting dead a lover, David Blakely, outside a pub in Hampstead in April. (13th Jul 1955)
17th Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art opens in the converted Baltic Flour Mill at Gateshead. (13th Jul 2002)
-3rd COVID-19 in the UK: The number of confirmed deaths from the virus is reported to have exceeded 200,000. Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 are now the dominant subvariants. (13th Jul 2022)
-3rd 2022 United Kingdom railway strike: The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) announces another 24-hour strike for Wednesday 27 July. (13th Jul 2022)
-3rd The Met Office extends its severe weather warning to Tuesday 19 July, when temperatures are expected to peak at 36C. (13th Jul 2022)
1st The RRS Sir David Attenborough is launched into the River Mersey by its namesake, Sir David Attenborough. (14th Jul 2018)
228th The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England. (14th Jul 1791)
15th The Butler Inquiry releases its report, mildly criticising the government in their use of intelligence relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq. (14th Jul 2004)
-3rd September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election: Suella Braverman is knocked out of the contest in the second round of the MPs' ballot, with Sunak and Mordaunt remaining the front runners. (14th Jul 2022)
-3rd 2022 United Kingdom railway strike: ASLEF announces that train drivers at eight train companies (14th Jul 2022)
-2nd John Lewis and Waitrose announce that they plan to cut one thousand jobs. (14th Jul 2021)
-2nd The Health and Care Bill passes its second reading in the House of Commons. (14th Jul 2021)
1st The ongoing heatwave and dry conditions lead to a huge grass fire on Wanstead Flats, East London, which becomes the largest incident of its kind ever dealt with by the London Fire Brigade. (15th Jul 2018)
812th King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton. (15th Jul 1207)
638th John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England. (15th Jul 1381)
334th Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth is executed at Tower Hill, England after his defeat at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685. (15th Jul 1685)
220th The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign. (15th Jul 1799)
66th John Christie is hanged at Pentonville Prison, where a large crowd wait for the notice of execution to be posted. (15th Jul 1953)
55th The Post Office Tower in London is completed, although it does not begin operation until October 1965. (15th Jul 1964)
65th Donald McGill, the artist of saucy seaside postcards, found guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act 1857. (15th Jul 1954)
130th The Scottish National Portrait Gallery opens in Edinburgh, the first in the world to be purpose-built as a portrait gallery. (15th Jul 1889)
41st German terrorist Astrid Proll arrested in London. (15th Jul 1978)
71st first London chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous. (15th Jul 1948)
101st ration books introduced for butter, margarine, lard, meat, and sugar. (15th Jul 1918)
-3rd A national emergency is declared after a red extreme heat warning is issued by the Met Office for London, the south east and parts of central England as temperatures are expected to reach 40C on 18 and 19 July, while the UK Health Security Agency increases its own warning to level four, indicating a risk to life among the fit and healthy. (15th Jul 2022)
-3rd COVID-19 in the UK: (15th Jul 2022)
-2nd Europe's largest battery storage project, a 100-megawatt system delivered by Shell-owned Limejump, begins operations at Minety in Wiltshire. (15th Jul 2021)
-2nd Five people are arrested after England footballers were racially abused online following their Euro 2020 final defeat. (15th Jul 2021)
-2nd The selection process for eight new hospitals in England is launched. (15th Jul 2021)
642nd Coronation of Richard II of England. (16th Jul 1377)
104th Henry James becomes a British citizen, to highlight his commitment to England during the first World War. (16th Jul 1915)
74th World War II: the leaders of the three Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany. (16th Jul 1945)
10th ITV announces that its news and information Teletext service will be discontinued within the next six months as a result of mounting losses and the inability to find a viable business model to continue. (16th Jul 2009)
302nd King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered. (17th Jul 1717)
102nd King George V of the United Kingdom issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor. (17th Jul 1917)
101st The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; 5 lives are lost. (17th Jul 1918)
45th A bomb planted by the Provisional IRA exploded in the Tower of London, killing one person and injuring 41. (17th Jul 1974)
6th Same-sex marriage becomes legal in England and Wales after the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013 receives Royal Assent. (17th Jul 2013)
51st the Beatles animated film Yellow Submarine debuts in London. (17th Jul 1968)
13th George W. Bush greets Tony Blair with the phrase "Yo, Blair". (17th Jul 2006)
-3rd The UK government confirms that every state school in England will have a defibrillator by summer 2023. (17th Jul 2022)
-2nd Welsh lockdown rules ease further, allowing six people to meet in private homes and holiday accommodation, while organised indoor events can include 1,000 seated and up to 200 standing. Ice rinks are also allowed to reopen. (17th Jul 2021)
-2nd Four people are arrested as a protest by Animal Rebellion continues outside one of McDonald's main UK suppliers. (17th Jul 2021)
-2nd Northern Ireland experiences its hottest day on record, reaching 31.2C in County Down, above the previous high of 30.8C set in the summers of 1976 and 1983. (17th Jul 2021)
729th King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities. (18th Jul 1290)
630th Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, in inaugurating a 13 year peace; the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years War. (18th Jul 1389)
66th The Quatermass Experiment, first of the Quatermass science-fiction serials begins its run on BBC TV. (18th Jul 1953)
96th Matrimonial Causes Act grants wives he equal right to divorce husbands for adultery. (18th Jul 1923)
85th Opening of the Queensway Tunnel beneath the River Mersey by King George V. (18th Jul 1934)
14th Criminalisation of magic mushrooms (18th Jul 2005)
13th 180 British citizens evacuated from the Lebanon due to growing crisis between Hizbollah militants and Israel. (18th Jul 2006)
12th Stadium mk, a 22,000-seat multi purpose stadium, is opened in Milton Keynes. Its main tenants are Milton Keynes Dons F.C. (18th Jul 2007)
-3rd The Johnson Government wins a House of Commons vote of confidence by 349 votes to 238 (18th Jul 2022)
-3rd Wild bison are reintroduced in the UK for the first time in thousands of years. Three of the animals are allowed to roam in the Kent countryside, where it is hoped they could improve the local ecology. (18th Jul 2022)
-3rd The world's largest automated drone superhighway is announced by Business Secretary Kwasi Kwarteng, connecting several towns across the Midlands, southern, and eastern England. (18th Jul 2022)
686th Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The English win a decisive victory over the Scots. (19th Jul 1333)
474th The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology. (19th Jul 1545)
466th Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign. (19th Jul 1553)
431st Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel. (19th Jul 1588)
187th The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary. (19th Jul 1832)
79th World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army. (19th Jul 1940)
47th Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat. (19th Jul 1972)
2nd The government announces that a rise in the State Pension age to 68 will be phased in between 2037 and 2039, rather than from 2044 as was originally planned. This will affect 6 million men and women currently aged between 39 and 47 years old. (19th Jul 2017)
176th Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol. (19th Jul 1843)
0th The Iranian Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps captures British tanker Stena Impero and temporarily seizes British-operated and Liberian-flagged tanker Mesdar in the Persian Gulf. The Foreign Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, warns there will be "serious consequences" if Iran does not release the tanker. (19th Jul 2019)
18th Politician and novelist Jeffrey Archer is sentenced to four years in prison for perjury and perverting the course of justice. (19th Jul 2001)
15th The Government announces backing for the Crossrail project. (19th Jul 2004)
-3rd A temperature above 40C is recorded for the first time in the UK, with a provisional Met Office reading of 40.3C at Coningsby, Lincolnshire beating the previous record high of 38.7C set in Cambridge in July 2019. A record night-time temperature is also recorded for 18 (19th Jul 2022)
-3rd A major incident is declared in London, with more than 250 firefighters battling grassfires in the east and south of the capital. As a result, London Fire Brigade has its busiest day since World War Two. (19th Jul 2022)
-2nd Most remaining legal restrictions on social contact in England are removed. (19th Jul 2021)
-2nd Restrictions are further relaxed in Scotland with changes including 15 people from different households being allowed to meet outdoors, 8 adults indoors and 10 at a pub or restaurant. Booking restrictions at catering facilities are also relaxed and soft play centres can reopen. (19th Jul 2021)
-2nd The Met Office issues its first ever "Amber Extreme Heat Warning", as temperatures exceed 30C across large swathes of the UK, with conditions expected to continue for several days. (19th Jul 2021)
-2nd The FTSE 100 falls by 150 points, dropping below the 7000 mark and to its lowest level for several months, as part of a global sell-off. (19th Jul 2021)
715th Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf. (20th Jul 1304)
18th Rioting breaks out in Brixton, London, following the fatal shooting of Derek Bennett, a 29-year-old black man, by armed police in the area. 27 people are arrested and three police officers are injured. (20th Jul 2001)
15th Government to publish results of review into Council Tax in England. (20th Jul 2004)
-3rd Boris Johnson takes his final Prime Minister's Questions. (20th Jul 2022)
-3rd The Sizewell C nuclear power station receives government approval, with an estimated cost of £20 billion. (20th Jul 2022)
-3rd Inflation reaches 9.4%, up from 9.1% the previous month. (20th Jul 2022)
616th Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England. (21st Jul 1403)
94th Sir Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to break the 150 mph (241 km/h) land barrier at Pendine Sands in Wales. He drove a Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h). (21st Jul 1925)
47th Bloody Friday bombings by the Provisional IRA around Belfast, Northern Ireland - 22 bombs are detonated, killing 9 and seriously injuring 130. (21st Jul 1972)
43rd Christopher Ewart-Biggs British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. (21st Jul 1976)
206th Doctrine of the Trinity Act provides toleration for Unitarian worship. (21st Jul 1813)
105th A conference at Buckingham Palace fails to resolve differences between Irish unionists and nationalists over Home Rule. (21st Jul 1914)
14th Four attempted bomb attacks in London disrupt part of the capital's public transport. Small explosions occur around midday at Shepherd's Bush, Warren Street and Oval stations on London Underground, and on a bus in Bethnal Green. However, there are no injuries. (21st Jul 2005)
-3rd The UK's COVID-19 public inquiry launches with chair Baroness Hallett promising a robust look into the UK's handling of the pandemic and whether more could have been done. (21st Jul 2022)
-3rd A potential cure for haemophilia B is announced by British doctors, which corrects the genetic defect associated with the condition. (21st Jul 2022)
-2nd Liverpool is stripped of its UNESCO World Heritage status after developments along the city's waterfront. (21st Jul 2021)
-2nd COVID-19 in the UK: Retail industry leaders warn of supermarkets being under increasing pressure to keep shelves fully stocked, due to thousands of shop workers having to self-isolate. (21st Jul 2021)
721st Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk - King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk. (22nd Jul 1298)
535th Battle of Lochmaben Fair - A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured. (22nd Jul 1484)
313th The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, lead to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. (22nd Jul 1706)
222nd Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated. (22nd Jul 1797)
4th The University of Birmingham finds in its archives the oldest known surviving fragments of the Koran, and plans to put them on public display. (22nd Jul 2015)
6th Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge gives birth to a boy at St Mary's Hospital, London who becomes third in line to the throne and Queen Elizabeth II's third great-grandchild. He is subsequently named George Alexander Louis. (22nd Jul 2013)
154th The SS Great Eastern departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable. (22nd Jul 1865)
0th Jo Swinson is elected by party members as the new leader of the Liberal Democrats, succeeding Sir Vince Cable. She becomes both the first woman to lead the party and its youngest ever leader at age 39. (22nd Jul 2019)
14th Tower of St Edmundsbury Cathedral at Bury St Edmunds completed. (22nd Jul 2005)
10th Cardiff City F.C. move into their new Cardiff City Stadium, a 27,000 capacity all-seater venue, after 99 years at Ninian Park. (22nd Jul 2009)
-2nd Far-right and anti-Islam activist Tommy Robinson loses a High Court libel case brought by Syrian schoolboy Jamal Hijazi and is ordered to pay him £100,000 in damages. (22nd Jul 2021)
-2nd Labour MP Dawn Butler is ejected from the House of Commons by deputy speaker Judith Cummins after repeatedly calling Boris Johnson a liar. (22nd Jul 2021)
48th Second phase of the Victoria Line on the London Underground opens between Highbury to Brixton. (23rd Jul 1971)
8th The singer songwriter Amy Winehouse, 27, was found dead at her London home. (23rd Jul 2011)
0th Boris Johnson is chosen as the new Conservative Party leader in a ballot of party members, beating Jeremy Hunt by 92,153 votes to 46,656. (23rd Jul 2019)
10th The Government launches the National Pandemic Flu Service across England, a website and phoneline allowing people who think they have the pandemic H1N1/09 virus to bypass the NHS to obtain antiviral drugs. The website crashes within hours of its launch due to the overwhelming demand. (23rd Jul 2009)
608th Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place. (24th Jul 1411)
452nd Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI. (24th Jul 1567)
81st Test cricket is televised for the first time. (24th Jul 1938)
465th Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral (25th Jul 1554)
416th James VI of Scotland is crowned as king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707. (25th Jul 1603)
410th The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there. (25th Jul 1609)
224th The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is laid. (25th Jul 1795)
182nd The first commercial use of an electric telegraph is successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone on 25 July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London. (25th Jul 1837)
110th Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from (Calais to Dover) in 37 minutes. (25th Jul 1909)
104th RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British military aviator to earn the Victoria Cross, for defeating three German two-seat observation aircraft in one day, over the Western Front. (25th Jul 1915)
60th SR-N1 hovercraft crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover in just over 2 hours. (25th Jul 1959)
41st Louise Brown, the world's first "test tube baby" is born. (25th Jul 1978)
205th George Stephenson puts his first steam locomotive into service, the Blücher for Killingworth Colliery on Tyneside. (25th Jul 1814)
41st Motability, a charity which provides cars to disabled people, founded. (25th Jul 1978)
71st end of post-war bread rationing. (25th Jul 1948)
0th The UK experiences its hottest day on record, with a temperature of 38.7C (101.7F) at Cambridge, beating the previous high of 38.5C (101.3F) in Faversham, Kent, on 10 August 2003. (25th Jul 2019)
-3rd It is confirmed that the 2023 Eurovision Song Contest will be held in the UK as Ukraine is unable to host it because of the ongoing conflict with Russia. (25th Jul 2022)
-2nd 2021 European floods: Torrential rain causes flooding in many parts of London. East London's Whipps Cross and Newham hospitals declare major incidents, and tell patients to use other A&Es for urgent care, while ambulances are redirected. (25th Jul 2021)
550th Wars of the Roses: the Battle of Edgecote Moor pitting the forces of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick against those of Edward IV of England takes place. (26th Jul 1469)
216th The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world's first public railway, opens in south London. (26th Jul 1803)
83rd King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicates the throne, officially unveils the Canadian National Vimy Memorial. (26th Jul 1936)
75th The first German V-2 rocket hits Great Britain. (26th Jul 1944)
74th The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power. (26th Jul 1945)
68th Walt Disney's 13th animated film, Alice in Wonderland, premieres in London, United Kingdom. (26th Jul 1951)
106th 50,000 women take part in a pilgrimage in Hyde Park, London organised by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. (26th Jul 1913)
105th Erskine Childers and his wife Molly sail into Howth in his yacht Asgard and land 2,500 guns for the Irish Volunteers. (26th Jul 1914)
205th Opening of Ryde Pier on the Isle of Wight, the first pier in Britain. (26th Jul 1814)
74th General election results are announced; Winston Churchill resigns as prime minister after his Conservative Party is soundly defeated by the Labour Party, who have a majority of 146 seats, and Clement Attlee becomes the new prime minister. It will be the first time that a Labour government with a commons majority has governed Britain. (26th Jul 1945)
61st the Queen gives her son Charles the customary title of Prince of Wales. (26th Jul 1958)
-3rd A Conservative leadership debate on TalkTV between Rishi Sunak and Liz Truss is halted after presenter Kate McCann faints on air. (26th Jul 2022)
-3rd The Met Office reports that the period between January and June was the driest since 1976, as the government meets with water companies to discuss the protection of supplies. (26th Jul 2022)
965th Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland somewhere north of the Firth of Forth. (27th Jul 1054)
805th Battle of Bouvines: in France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. (27th Jul 1214)
356th The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. (27th Jul 1663)
330th Glorious Revolution: the Battle of Killiecrankie ends. (27th Jul 1689)
325th A Royal Charter is granted to the Bank of England. (27th Jul 1694)
154th Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina. (27th Jul 1865)
70th Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner. (27th Jul 1949)
54th Edward Heath becomes leader of the British Conservative Party following its first leadership election by secret ballot. (27th Jul 1965)
7th London hosts the 2012 Summer Olympics, beginning with an opening ceremony, and making the UK capital the first city to host the Games for a third time. The closing ceremony is on 12 August. (27th Jul 2012)
-3rd Progress towards a pan coronavirus vaccine is announced by the Francis Crick Institute in London, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants. (27th Jul 2022)
-3rd National Rail staff hold strikes in a dispute over pay, affecting many services across the UK, with further industrial action the following day and on 30 July. (27th Jul 2022)
479th Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day. (28th Jul 1540)
71st The Metropolitan Police Flying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport". (28th Jul 1948)
55th Winston Churchill retires from the House of Commons at the age of 89. (28th Jul 1964)
107th London Underground's Central Line extension from Bank to Liverpool Street opens. (28th Jul 1912)
14th Birmingham tornado of 2005: F2 tornado hits Birmingham at about 14:40. 19 people are hurt, some seriously. (28th Jul 2005)
-3rd TV cameras are allowed into crown courts such as the Old Bailey for the first time in England and Wales, though only to film judges handing down sentences to convicted criminals. (28th Jul 2022)
-2nd Orbital O2, the world's most powerful tidal turbine device, begins generating electricity via the grid in Eday, the Orkney islands. (28th Jul 2021)
454th The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, Scotland. (29th Jul 1565)
452nd James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling. (29th Jul 1567)
431st Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - English naval forces under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France. (29th Jul 1588)
171st Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt - in Tipperary, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police. (29th Jul 1848)
112th Sir Robert Baden Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout camp in Poole Harbour on the south coast of England. The camp runs from August 1 to August 9, 1907, and is regarded as the foundation of the Scouting movement. (29th Jul 1907)
74th The BBC Light Programme radio station is launched for mainstream light entertainment and music. (29th Jul 1945)
71st Olympic Games: The Games of the XIV Olympiad - after a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, open in London. (29th Jul 1948)
9th Metro Bank opens its first branch, in Holborn, London, the first wholly new high street bank for more than a century. (29th Jul 2010)
71st Stoke Mandeville Games are held for the first time, the predecessor of the Paralympic Games. (29th Jul 1948)
551st Hansa merchants expelled from London; Anglo-Hanseatic War breaks out with the Hanseatic League in 1469. (29th Jul 1468)
-3rd Rebekah Vardy loses her libel case against Coleen Rooney, bringing the "Wagatha Christie" trial to an end. (29th Jul 2022)
-2nd Plans for a UK Holocaust Memorial at the Victoria Tower Gardens in London are given the go-ahead by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government. (29th Jul 2021)
1st The Supreme Court rules that legal permission is no longer required to end care for patients in a permanent vegetative state. (30th Jul 2018)
119th The London Underground's Central Line opens to the public. (30th Jul 1900)
84th Allen Lane founds Penguin Books to publish the first mass market paperbacks in Britain. (30th Jul 1935)
71st gas boards created as the government nationalises the gas industry. (30th Jul 1948)
81st The Beano comic first goes on sale, featuring the character Lord Snooty. (30th Jul 1938)
16th Eurostar train number 3313/14 sets a new speed record at 334.7km/h (208mph) on High Speed 1. (30th Jul 2003)
-3rd Rail passengers face more disruption as train drivers at seven companies walk out in a dispute over pay. Almost a quarter of Britain's rail network is affected. (30th Jul 2022)
-2nd The High Court of England and Wales rules that the approval of the Stonehenge road tunnel was unlawful (30th Jul 2021)
1st Xeneral Webster, 19, is jailed for 17 years for the manslaughter of Joanne Rand, who died in June 2017, eleven days after he splashed her with acid. The case is the first acid killing in the UK. (31st Jul 2018)
49th Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy. (31st Jul 1970)
47th Operation Motorman: British troops move into the no-go areas of Belfast and Derry, Northern Ireland. End of Free Derry. (31st Jul 1972)
46th Markham Colliery disaster: eighteen coal miners were killed at the coal mine when the brake mechanism on their cage fails. (31st Jul 1973)
96th The Liquor Act makes it illegal to sell alcoholic beverages to under-18s. (31st Jul 1923)
51st the BBC sitcom Dad's Army is first aired on television. (31st Jul 1968)
10th Gary McKinnon, a British man with Asperger syndrome loses his latest High Court bid to avoid extradition to the United States to face charges of hacking into US Government computers. (31st Jul 2009)

 

Return to key anniversaries for this month.

Or... select a different date below:

Previous Month

Next Month